The United States And China: Economic Superpowers – As Barack Obama prepares for his “summit meeting” with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in California, we decided to look at the two superpowers and compare data on health, wealth and environmental development, a challenge given their very different systems. Can this be done? join the discussion…
As US President Barack Obama prepares to meet with the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping, we decided to take another look at China and the US to see if the two superpowers can match.
The United States And China: Economic Superpowers
We last did this in 2011, but we’re curious to see what it looks like after updating the information (if possible) and adding some of your suggestions. This is not a definitive guide, and while it makes some interesting points, many of the indicators do not adequately reflect the complex issues underlying both countries.
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“The United States has an elected government. The American Government Act. There is also a separation of legislative, judicial and executive powers. China is ruled by the Chinese Communist Party. There is no separation of powers. No checks and balances. There is no independent press.”
This is a problem that may not be adequately captured by the data. However, we have tried to include as many of the suggestions mentioned in the comments as possible to expand the scope of activities.
We added GDP per capita because @despoticonation stated that comparing GDP per capita “is more revealing because the standard of living in China shows a striking difference compared to the US.” China’s GDP per capita is $9,100, while that of the United States is $48,900.
There is a huge difference in current account balances – the US has the world’s largest deficit and China has the world’s largest budget surplus.
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Per capita pollution levels and investment in alternative energy sources are also recommended. If we cannot display everything graphically, we put the data collected into a downloadable spreadsheet.
The World Health Organization publishes data on indoor, outdoor and water pollution, which shows the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to environmental factors. According to the WHO, one DALY can be considered as a “healthy” year lost.
So, if we apply the DALY measure to external pollution, we get the following result: China has 1.4 DALYs per 1,000 people per year, while the US has 0.8.
In 2002, 275,600 people died from outdoor air pollution in China, and 41,200 in the United States. Outdoor air pollution kills 1.3 million people worldwide every year.
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The WHO map above shows a comparison of the number of deaths caused by outdoor air pollution per 1,000 people per year in China and the United States (data from 2002).
WHO data also shows water pollution across the country. These environmental health factors show some interesting differences. While water and sanitation rates increased by 100% in the US, not a single person died of diarrhea in 2002 – in China, sanitation increased by 44% in 2002, with an estimated 95,600 deaths from diarrhea.
According to the International Energy Agency, China’s share of renewable energy sources in the world’s main energy sources is 15.6%, compared to 4.2% in the United States.
In a previous post, co-author J. Nathan Mathias discussed the challenges of trying to compare data, especially on a topic like unemployment, which is unfortunately not recorded in the same way around the world. Mathias concludes that “the difference between American and Chinese unemployment is not a real difference, but a difference in measurement.”
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We used a 2012 estimate from the Central Intelligence Agency. Unemployment in China is 6.4%, compared to 8.2% in the United States, according to the Central Intelligence Agency. However, the official unemployment rate published by China in 2012, excluding private enterprises and migrants, was 4.1% in the city.
Mathias will show the difference in the calculation to explain the big difference between the two dimensions that can be hidden if only the title is considered:
Giles, Park, and Zhang, “What Is China’s Real Unemployment Rate?” . Not surprisingly, the official or registered unemployment rate significantly underestimates the actual unemployment rate. The United States, meanwhile, uses a current population survey of 66,000 households in more than 2,000 selected areas to provide a more accurate picture of unemployment. certain month. This number is higher and theoretically more accurate than measuring the number of people applying for unemployment benefits. When Giles and colleagues used population surveys to correct the Chinese figures, they found that unemployment could be 3-7% higher than reported. This is between 38 and 89 million unemployed people who are not counted (according to 2002 figures). Source: Central Intelligence Agency Factbook
Other commentators say that gender relations have not received enough attention in China. The population pyramid above from the CIA’s World Factbook shows how each country’s population is broken down by gender and age. Can you see any interesting patterns?
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Another metric that users are asking about is median household income. Forbes, compiled by Tsinghua University and published by Citibank (China) Co. in 2010.
The median annual household income in China is $10,220 compared to $84,300 in the United States (median income in the United States is $47,300). One of the few similarities is median household wealth: in China and the United States, median household wealth is nearly eight times median income.
All the information collected is in a downloadable spreadsheet. Do you think two countries like China and USA can be compared? What action do you want to take?
China vs USA Score Click the title to sort the table. Download this data China US Year Source Notes Population 1,349,585,838,316,668, 567 July 2013 (approximate) CIA Factbook China has the largest population in the world. The population of the United States is third. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning, cement production and gas flaring. 2,096,295 (for mainland China) 1,445,204 2009 Data Analysis Center Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2_TOT) expressed in thousands of tons of carbon (non-CO2). Military Expenditure (% of GDP) 2.6 4.6 2012 (China) 2010 (US) CIA Facts Exports, Trillion Dollars 2.05 1.61 2012 CIA List Listed Companies Market Capitalization (% of GDP) 46.3 1012 medals Olympic gold London 2012 38 46 2012 London 2012 Literacy rate, 92.2% 99 2007 (China) 2003 (USA) CIA Factbook, revenue from ticket sales, billion dollars 2.7 10.8 2012 Forbes Internet users (per capita) 100 people ) 379 2 Best World Bank Brand, Brand Value 2013, Million Dollars China Mobile – 55, 368 Apple – 185071 Millward Brown Unemployment Rate, 2012 CIA World Factbook Estimate for China 6.4 8.2 – recorded urban unemployment. Private businesses and migrants accounted for 4.1 percent of Facebook engagement in 2012, up from 0.04 50.93 countries on June 6, 2013. 487.2 Estimates for 2012 CIA Factbook China has the largest surplus in the world and the US has the largest deficit in the world. Estimated GDP growth 7.8 2.2 area, mg/m3 98 18 2008 (USA), 2009 (China) World Health Average annual concentration of fine suspended particles less than 10 microns in diameter as a general measure of air pollution Incorporation of renewable energy sources in total energy supply, 15.6 4.2% 2004 International Energy Agency (IEA) Urban population, % of total population 47 82 2010 CIA Factbook Average annual household income 10,220 84,300 2002 Forbes China Consumer Finance Survey data collected by Tsinghua University good, 77% 100% 2002 WHO good sanitation, 44% 100% 2002 WHO diarrhea deaths 95,600 – 2002 WHO 2002 year / 2 WHO 30 deaths per year 30 0 diarrhea. WHO population with heavy fuel consumption (%) 80 < 5 2002 WHO annual deaths due to indoor air pollution 380, 700 – 2002 World Health Organization Indoor air pollution DALYs/1000 population 2.5 – 2002 WHO annual PM10 [mg/m3 ] 80 24 200 WHO Urban population (%) 37 72 2002 WHO Overseas
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