Impacts Of Global Warming On Africa – Brazzaville – Weather-related health emergencies are on the rise in Africa, accounting for more than half of the public health events recorded in the region in the last two decades, says a report from the World Health Organization (WHO).
The analysis found that 2,121 public health events were recorded in the African region between 2001 and 2021, of which 56 percent were climate-related. The region is seeing an increase in climate-related emergencies, with 25 percent more climate events recorded between 2011 and 2021 than in the previous decade.
Impacts Of Global Warming On Africa
World Health Day is celebrated on April 7 under the theme “Our Planet”. Our health.” The WHO urges governments to prioritize human well-being in all major decisions, among other recommendations, including fossil fuel exploration and subsidies, taxes on polluters and WHO’s Air Quality Implementation Guidelines.
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“Climate change is one of the greatest threats to humanity. The whole foundation of good health is increasingly threatened by extreme weather events. In Africa, frequent flooding, water-borne diseases and vector-borne diseases are deepening the health crisis. Although the continent contributes Not least global warming, it has far-reaching consequences,” said Dr. Matshidiso Moti, WHO Regional Director for Africa.
A WHO analysis found that water-borne diseases accounted for 40% of climate-related health emergencies in the past two decades. Diarrheal diseases are the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in Africa. A significant part of the details can be prevented by clean drinking water, proper hygiene and sanitation.
The analysis also shows that vector-borne diseases, especially yellow fever, account for 28 percent of climate-related health emergencies, while zoonotic diseases, especially Congo-Criminian hemorrhagic fever, rank third. Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans by ticks and cattle, and outbreaks have a fatality rate of up to 40%.
Natural disasters have also increased significantly since 2010, with 70 percent of all natural disasters occurring between 2017 and 2021. Floods are the most frequent occurrence, accounting for 33 percent of all reported natural disasters.
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Africa also faces other significant health impacts associated with climate shocks, including poor seasonal conditions in agricultural production due to malnutrition and hunger, long-term challenges to children’s health and development, and other infectious diseases such as malaria.
According to a report by the Netherlands-based Global Center for Adaptation, climate change in Africa is likely to expand the range of malaria risk areas. Although malaria deaths have decreased from 840 000 deaths in 2000 to 602 000 in 2020, the disease remains a major health challenge on the continent.
The effects of climate change are likely to slow progress against hunger, with an additional 78 million people in Africa facing chronic hunger by 2050, according to the report.
WHO helps countries improve their health systems, become more resilient and better able to deal with climate-related emergencies. These measures include assessing health system vulnerabilities, developing and implementing measures to protect people’s lives and health from the adverse consequences of climate-related health crises.
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The organization also helps governments ensure that their health ministries can effectively coordinate, improve understanding and monitor climate change risks and health impacts. Progress is being made. For example, in Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania, WHO is working with health authorities to predict the risk of vector- and water-borne diseases and to respond effectively to early warning and is working to establish a system of response.
The WHO has adopted a “one health and all risks” approach to climate-related public health events. This approach is based on the premise that human, animal and ecosystem health are interconnected and require an integrated approach to address and solve challenges. While the WHO works with experts and partner organizations in public, animal, plant and environmental health to reduce the risks to public health caused by climate change. Record global greenhouse gas emissions are pushing the world to unacceptably high temperatures, with serious implications for development. African prospects
Jim Scia, co-chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group III, said, “It is possible to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius under the laws of chemistry and physics, but this requires changes in the past. Necessary.”
But the IPCC, the world’s leading authority on the scientific assessment of climate change, says it is still possible to limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5°C if, and only if, in this case, when there are “rapid And far-reaching changes in land, energy, industry, buildings, transportation and cities.
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For sub-Saharan Africa, which has experienced more frequent and more severe climate extremes in recent decades, the effects of a global temperature increase of more than 1.5°C will be severe.
The increase in temperature in the region is expected to exceed the global average temperature increase. Areas of Africa within 15 degrees of the equator are likely to experience more and more frequent heat waves, with an increase in warmer nights.
The odds are high but not impossible, says the IPCC. And the benefits of limiting climate change to 1.5°C are huge, with the report describing the difference in outcomes between an increase of 1.5°C and an increase of 2°C. – Heat will add greater risk to Africa in the form of More droughts, more heat waves and possible crop failures.
Recognizing the growing threat of climate change, in 2015 many countries came together to adopt the landmark Paris Agreement, committing to limit climate change to below 2°C. Approximately 184 countries, including almost all African countries, have officially signed up This treaty. Only Angola, Eritrea and South Sudan have not yet joined. The agreement began in November 2016.
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In December 2018 in Katowice, Poland, for the meeting of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), known as COP24, the committees finalized the rules for the implementation of the work program of the agreement.
As part of the Paris Agreement, countries have made national commitments to reduce emissions and take steps to build resilience. The agreement also calls for more financial support from developed countries to support climate action efforts in developing countries.
But even when the Paris Agreement was adopted, it was recognized that the promises on the table were not enough. Even if the coalitions do everything they promise, global temperatures will rise by 3°C this century.
According to the IPCC, projections show that the West Coast region will experience the most drought, with a significant increase in the maximum length of dry spells. The IPCC expects Central Africa to see a reduction in the length of wet spells and a slight increase in heavy rainfall.
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West Africa is recognized as a climate change hotspot, with climate change likely to reduce crop production and productivity, with consequential impacts on food security.
South Africa will also be affected. At the end of the 21st century, the western part of South Africa is set to become drier, with the frequency of droughts and the number of heat waves increasing.
A warming world has implications for rainfall. At 1.5°C, there will be light rain in the Limpopo Basin and parts of the Zambezi Basin in Zambia, as well as parts of the Western Cape in South Africa.
But at 2°C, South Africa is projected to experience about a 20 percent decrease in rainfall and an increase in the number of consecutive summer days in Namibia, Botswana, northern Zimbabwe and southern Zambia. This will cause a 5% to 10% reduction in the volume of the Zambezi basin.
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If the global average temperature reaches 2°C of global warming, this will cause major changes in the occurrence and intensity of temperature extremes in sub-Saharan regions.
West and Central Africa will see a significant increase in the number of particularly hot days, both by 1.5°C and 2°C. In South Africa, temperatures are expected to rise faster than 2°C, and areas in the south-west Regions, particularly South Africa and parts of Namibia and Botswana, are expected to see the greatest temperature increases.
Perhaps no region of the world is more affected than the coast, whose population is growing rapidly, estimated at 2.8 percent per year, in an environment of diminishing natural resources, including land and water.
Inga Rhonda King, president of the Economic and Social Council, an important organization that coordinates the economic and social work of agencies, told a special meeting that the region is also one of the most environmentally degraded in the world, where the temperature increases there. is a possibility of 1.5 times more than the rest of the world.
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The coast, which largely relies on rain-fed agriculture, is often hit by droughts and floods, with major implications for people’s food security. As a result of armed conflict, violence and military operations, some 4.9 million people have been displaced this year, a threefold increase in less than three years, while 24 million people across the region are in need of humanitarian assistance.
Climate change is already considered a risk multiplier, which exacerbates problems, including conflict. The Sahel region is particularly vulnerable to climate change, with 300 million people affected, said Ibrahim Theo, Special Adviser to the Secretary-General of the Sahel.
Drought, desert and resource scarcity
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